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SCIENCE MYSTERIES | STRANGE ARTIFACTS | MYSTIC PLACES | ANCIENT WRITINGS Pumapunku, also called “Puma Pumku” or “Puma Puncu”, is part of a large temple complex or monument group that is part of the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanaku, Bolivia. In Aymara, its name means, “The Door of the Cougar”. The processes and technologies involved in the creation of these temples are still not fully understood by modern scholars. Our current ideas of the Tiwanaku culture hold that they had no writing system and also that the invention of the wheel was most likely unknown to them. The architectural achievements seen at Pumapunku are striking in light of the presumed level of technological capability available during its construction. Due to the monumental proportions of the stones, the method by which they were transported to Pumapunku has been a topic of interest since the temple's discovery.
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Massive,
multi-sided blocks were precisely fitted together in
interlocking Scientists speculate that the masonry process might have worked like this: after carving the desired shape out of the first boulder and fitting it in place, the masons would somehow suspend the second boulder on scaffolding next to the first one. They would then have to trace out a pattern on the second boulder in order to plan the appropriate jigsaw shape that would fit the two together. In order to make a precise copy of the first boulder's edges, the masons might have used a straight stick with a hanging plum-bob to trace its edges and mark off exact points for carving on the second boulder. After tracing out the pattern, they would sculpt the stone into shape, pounding it with hand-sized stones to get the general shape before using finger-size stones for precision sanding. Admittedly, this entire technique is merely scientific speculation. The method might have worked in practice but that doesn't mean this is how the ancient Quechua stonemasons did it. "How were such titanic blocks of stone brought to the top of the mountain from the quarries many miles away? How were they cut and fitted? How were they raised and put in place? Now one knows, no one can even guess. There are archaeologists, scientists, who would have us believe that the dense, hard andesite rock was cut, surfaced and faced by means of stone or bronze tools. Such an explanation is so utterly preposterous that it is not even worthy of serious consideration. No one ever has found anywhere any stone tool or implement that would cut or chip the andesite, and no bronze ever made will make any impression upon it." A. Hyatt & Ruth Verrill ----America's Ancient Civilizations Jean-Pierre Protzen thinks the Verrills was wrong. He went to Cuzco and showed how river rocks could be used as hammers to pound stones into the desired shape. "It appears that the Inca technique of fitting the blocks together was based largely on trial and error. It is a laborious method, particularly if one considers the size of some of the huge stones at Sacsahuaman or Ollantaytambo. What should be kept in mind, however, is that time and labour power were probably of little concern to the Incas, who did not have a European notion of time and had plenty of tribute labour from conquered peoples at their disposal." Jean-Pierre Protzen ---Scientific American ---Feb. 1986
Was this monolith carved with stone tools? Eric Von Daniken, in his series of books beginning with Chariots
of the Gods theorized that the Andean stone-works were build by
Alien/Gods who visited the earth long ago, bringing civilization to primitive
man. The scientific community simply snickered. Everybody who has traveled to Egypt, Mesopotamia, South America
and many ancient places has seen it: the astonishing craftsmanship
of these ancient stoneworkers. The precision fit of large stone blocks
is eminent in both the Old and New World. It is hardly imaginable,
that all of this should have been done by pure manual work alone.
This very interesting link, Ancient
Stone Technology, also includes theories of Professor
Davidovits from the Geopolymer Institute in France. More about Inca Stone Technology>> Aramu Muru
Another similar in nature megalithic structure is Aramu Muru near the Lake Titicaca. Lake Titicaca, on the borders of Peru and Bolivia, is where Inca legends say life on Earth was first created by Viracocha. In the center of the lake is the Island of the Sun, with an ancient, sacred temple. Nearby is Sillustani, where mysterious burial towers called chulpas were once plated with gold and held the remains of Inca royalty. A few miles away is Aramu Muru’s Portal, a doorway-shaped niche in a stone outcropping, located in a region known as the Valley of the Spirits. The local villagers who walked with us refused to come close to the portal. They tell stories about people disappearing through the solid rock.
Mysterious giant stone sculpture of Aramu Muru, north of Chucuito, Peru |
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Twilight of the Gods: The Mayan Calendar and the Return of the Extraterrestrials
High up in the Bolivian Andes-4,000 meters above sea level-lies Pumapunku, an ancient ruined city that simply could never have been constructed by its Stone Age inhabitants. "Something here really stinks to high heaven," writes Erich von Daniken. |
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"In Twilight of the Gods," says von Daniken, "I document
precisely what it was that left the first visitors breathless as they stood
before the mighty stone blocks some 400 years ago. I will show you what
archeologists discovered hundreds of years ago and demonstrate how much has been
destroyed over the centuries. Intentionally. |
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Forbidden History: Prehistoric Technologies, Extraterrestrial Intervention,
Review by David S. Lewis I am a writer whose articles appear in this book, one who has investigated alternative scholarship, drawn on various sources, and found that prevalent theories and mindsets often distort what may be the truth regarding history and science. That is what this book is about. It attempts to open the door to a new understanding of the past, and in so doing to better understand who we are, where we come from, and our potential. This often requires unraveling the tangled ball of string that is accepted as historical fact, etymological fact, scientific fact, etc. |
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I do not have the previous reviewer's specific training in languages and etymology, only a fascination for the subject, and a lifelong sense that something was amiss in this field (Perhaps that is a good thing, for established mind sets may be part of the problem, the perpetuation of distortions by those, who, are often prevented from taking seriously anything that threatens the established way of thinking). In my research for several articles included in this book, I found, among other things, that standard tenets of history and prehistory ought to be seriously questioned, and that the perpetuation of misinformation through academia is inherent to the institutional and psychological nature of academia itself (which, in turn, is often a product of the human ego and its processes, a state of affairs that often derails a genuine quest for truth). The ancient history of India is a case in point (as told in this book). That history seems to have been rewritten by Europeans. It should be understood that the Indo-European language is not really a language or anything historical (the language from which, we are to believe, the great family of other languages derive). This "language" is an assumption, a theory, based on the fact that there are great similarities in the roots words of many varied languages across the globe. Indo-European is an invention to try to account for this, a device that runs hand in hand with the alleged Aryan Invasion of India (which reduces the antiquity of India and her languages by several thousand years as compared to tradition). For the sake of simplicity, the story goes like this, as espoused now by various sources: Both the Indo european "language" and the Aryan Invasion were invented, and contrary to the indigenous "nonacademic" history of India as told for millennia. Evidence now shows, though, that India's extreme antiquity as expressed in her mythology is probable, given the discovery of an ancient city (dated to 8000 years ago), now submerged, off the western coast, and satellite images that show the path of the "mythical" Saraswati river. These developments validate that which is written in India's ancient texts, the tradition of a timelessly old India held as a common understanding in her past, from generation to generation. These are developments similar to the archeological discovery of Troy, taking what was deemed fiction by scholars into the realm of actual history. Furthermore, traditions exist, and perhaps ignored geologic evidence, that what we call India was once a more vast continent, the land, perhaps, of the great rishis whence the vedas and traditions of southern India derive. This book, and Atlantis Rising magazine, tries to unravel the series of untruths piled upon one another regarding the past, and to debunk some of academia's sacred tenets. It is certainly not Christian creationism (as a previous reviewer strangely suggested) merely because it points out the glaring problems in evolutionary theory. The problem in seeing things that way is simple mindedness, as if we have but two choices, Biblical creationism or Darwinism. (Another reviewer complains, by the way, that one part of
the book discredits Ice Age theory, while another uses it to
support a point. Keep in mind that the chapters in this book
are written by various authors, not a single author. That
reviewer's complaint would only be valid if one author had
done this. Contained in the book are various points of view
with a coherent theme as expressed in various articles, not
that of one individual.) |
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Inca
Architecture and Construction at Ollantaytambo
In this book, Protzen describes and interprets the archaeological complex of Ollantaytambo, discovers temporal and functional links among its components, uncovers the planning and design criteria that governed its layout and architecture, and compiles all that has been written about the site. |
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| It is a modern-day mystery how the Inca, who did not have iron tools or knowledge of the wheel, mined and transported stones and dressed and fitted them in remarkable structures. Jean-Pierre Protzen has spent much of the past decade investigating the quarrying and stonecutting techniques of the Inca, and problems of Inca construction practices. His work is based principally on observation, careful measurements of structures, and experiments using stones and tools the Inca stonemasons would have used. Ollantaytambo, probably the best-preserved Inca town, offers an ideal laboratory with its well-thought-out site plans, its intimate integration of the built form with the natural environment, the unity of its architecture, and the sheer perfection of its cut-stone masonry. Offering the only extensive analysis of Inca construction practices, Protzen describes and interprets the archaeological complex of Ollantaytambo, discovers temporal and functional links among its components, uncovers the planning and design criteria that governed its layout and architecture, and compiles all that has been written about the site. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Secret of the Incas - Myth, Astronomy, and the War Against Time Step by step, Sullivan pieces together the hidden esoteric tradition of the Andes to uncover the tragic secret of the Incas, a tribe who believed that, if events in the heavens could influence those on earth, perhaps the reverse could be true. Anyone who reads this book will never look at the ruins of the Incas, or at the night sky, the same way again. Illustrations. (Note: This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.) |
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Between
the Lines: The Mystery of the Giant Ground Drawings of
Ancient
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Is it possible that intelligent life forms visited Earth thousands of years ago, bringing with them technology that drastically affected the course of history and man s own development? Presented in the 1968 bestselling book Chariots of the Gods by Erich von Daniken, the theory of ancient aliens rocked people s beliefs in mankind s progress. Ancient cave drawings of strange creatures, remains of landing strips in Peru, and Indian texts that describe the flying machines of the gods were just a few of the odd archaeological artifacts cited by von Daniken as proof that ancient astronauts were well known to our ancestors. Produced with the exclusive cooperation of von Daniken himself, Ancient Aliens launches all-new expeditions to seek out and evaluate this evidence, with a concentration on the latest discoveries of the last 30 years, including unusual DNA findings on man s evolution and newly decoded artifacts from Egypt to Syria to South America. It is a balanced investigation into a theory some believe cannot be true, but many agree cannot be ignored. |
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WHERE DID WE COME FROM? Drawing upon a wealth of research into archeology, genetics, reincarnation memories, out-of-body experiences, parapsychology, cross cultural cosmology, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, Cremo provides a refreshing perspective on human origins according to the ancient philosophy of India. In their controversial bestseller Forbidden Archeology, Michael A. Cremo and Richard L. Thompson documented evidence showing that humans have existed on earth for hundreds of millions of years. |
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Searching
for Lost Worlds: Machu Picchu: Secrets of the Incan Empire
(1999) |
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More Subject Related Books & Video |
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International explorer, archaeologist and author Jonathan Gray has traveled the world to gather data on ancient mysteries. He has penetrated some largely unexplored areas, including parts of the Amazon headwaters. The author has also led expeditions to the bottom of the sea and to remote mountain and desert regions of the world. He lectures internationally.
"Dead Men's Secrets" by Jonathan Gray is 373 pages
of discovering ancient technology and lost secrets. Book 1 –
"The Killing Of... PARADISE PLANET" lays out stunning evidence of a
once-global paradise, Book 2 –
"SURPRISE WITNESS" shows what happened DURING that great Deluge
- the cosmic calamity that ripped the Earth to shreds and wiped out the
original Mother Civilization. Not only were the antedeluvian people
buried, but their technological achievements were destroyed, including all
form of machinery and construction. The skeptic may shout himself hoarse. But this event surely happened. Book 3 –
"The Corpse CAME BACK!"
Now comes the fast moving, fascinating
story of the settling down
To order visit this page:
Jonathan Gray |
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KEYWORDS: Puma
Punku, Puma Punka, Tiahuanaco, archaeoastronomy, Tiwanaku, Pumapunku, Bolivia,
Nazca Lines, megaliths, Peru ruins, Bolivia Toursit Attractions, UFO, aliens,
ancient astronauts, ancient aliens, Daeniken
